Алгоритмы сортировки объяснены примерами в Python, Java и C ++

void bucketSort(float[] a,int n)

{

    for(each floating integer 'x' in n)

    {
        insert x into bucket[n*x]; 
    }

    for(each bucket)

    {
        sort(bucket);
    }

}

For simplicity, consider the data in the range 0 to 9. 
Input data: 1, 4, 1, 2, 7, 5, 2
  1) Take a count array to store the count of each unique object.
  Index:     0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9
  Count:     0  2  2  0  1  1  0  1  0  0

  2) Modify the count array such that each element at each index 
  stores the sum of previous counts. 
  Index:     0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9
  Count:     0  2  4  4  5  6  6  7  7  7

The modified count array indicates the position of each object in 
the output sequence.
 
  3) Output each object from the input sequence followed by 
  decreasing its count by 1.
  Process the input data: 1, 4, 1, 2, 7, 5, 2. Position of 1 is 2.
  Put data 1 at index 2 in output. Decrease count by 1 to place 
  next data 1 at an index 1 smaller than this index.
  

let numbers = [1, 4, 1, 2, 7, 5, 2];
let count = [];
let i, z = 0;
let max = Math.max(...numbers);      
// initialize counter
for (i = 0; i <= max; i++) {
    count[i] = 0;
}
for (i=0; i < numbers.length; i++) {
    count[numbers[i]]++;
}
for (i = 0; i <= max; i++) {
    while (count[i]-- > 0) {
        numbers[z++] = i;
    }
}
// output sorted array
for (i=0; i < numbers.length; i++) {
    console.log(numbers[i]);
}

#include 

void countSort(int upperBound, int lowerBound, std::vector numbersToSort) //lower and upper bounds of numbers in vector
{
  int range = upperBound - lowerBound;                  //create a range large enough to get every number between the min and max
  std::vector counts (range);                      //initialize of counts of the size of the range
  std::fill(counts.begin(), counts.end(), 0);           //fill vector of zeros
  
  for (int i = 0; i < numbersToSort.size(); i++)
  {
      int index = numbersToSort[i] - lowerBound; //For example, if 5 is the lower bound and numbersToSort[i] is 5. index will be 0 and the       counts[index]+= 1;                         //count of 5 will be stored in counts[0]
  }
  
  std::cout << counts << std::endl;
} 

func countingSort(_ array: [Int]) {
  // Create an array to store the count of each element
  let maxElement = array.max() ?? 0
  var countArray = [Int](repeating: 0, count: Int(maxElement + 1))
  
  for element in array {
    countArray[element] += 1
  }
  var z = 0
  var sortedArray = [Int](repeating: 0, count: array.count)

  for index in 1 ..< countArray.count {
    //print index element required number of times
    while countArray[index] > 0 {
      sortedArray[z] = index
      z += 1
      countArray[index] -= 1
    }
  }
  
  print(sortedArray)
}

      key = 3 //starting from 1st index.

      Here `key` will be compared with the previous elements.

      In this case, `key` is compared with 8. since 8 > 3, move the element 8
      to the next position and insert `key` to the previous position.

      Result: [ 3 8 5 1 4 2 ]

      key = 5 //2nd index

      8 > 5 //move 8 to 2nd index and insert 5 to the 1st index.

      Result: [ 3 5 8 1 4 2 ]

      key = 1 //3rd index

      8 > 1     => [ 3 5 1 8 4 2 ]  

      5 > 1     => [ 3 1 5 8 4 2 ]

      3 > 1     => [ 1 3 5 8 4 2 ]

      Result: [ 1 3 5 8 4 2 ]

      key = 4 //4th index

      8 > 4   => [ 1 3 5 4 8 2 ]

      5 > 4   => [ 1 3 4 5 8 2 ]

      3 > 4   ≠>  stop

      Result: [ 1 3 4 5 8 2 ]

      key = 2 //5th index

      8 > 2   => [ 1 3 4 5 2 8 ]

      5 > 2   => [ 1 3 4 2 5 8 ]

      4 > 2   => [ 1 3 2 4 5 8 ]

      3 > 2   => [ 1 2 3 4 5 8 ]

      1 > 2   ≠> stop

      Result: [1 2 3 4 5 8]

    InsertionSort(arr[])
      for j = 1 to arr.length
         key = arr[j]
         i = j - 1
         while i > 0 and arr[i] > key
            arr[i+1] = arr[i]
            i = i - 1
         arr[i+1] = key

function insertion_sort(A) {
    var len = array_length(A);
    var i = 1;
    while (i < len) {
        var x = A[i];
        var j = i - 1;
        while (j >= 0 && A[j] > x) {
            A[j + 1] = A[j];
            j = j - 1;
        }
        A[j+1] = x;
        i = i + 1;
    }
}

  var array = [8, 3, 5, 1, 4, 2]

  func insertionSort(array:inout Array) -> Array{
      for j in 0.. 0 && array[i] > key){
              array[i+1] = array[i]
              i = i-1
          }
          array[i+1] = key
      }
      return array
  }

public int[] insertionSort(int[] arr)
      for (j = 1; j < arr.length; j++) {
         int key = arr[j]
         int i = j - 1
         while (i > 0 and arr[i] > key) {
            arr[i+1] = arr[i]
            i -= 1
         }
         arr[i+1] = key
      }
      return arr;

void insertionSort(int arr[], int n) 
{ 
   int i, key, j; 
   for (i = 1; i < n; i++) 
   { 
       key = arr[i]; 
       j = i-1;
       while (j >= 0 && arr[j] > key) 
       { 
           arr[j+1] = arr[j]; 
           j = j-1; 
       } 
       arr[j+1] = key; 
   } 
} 

import java.util.Arrays;
public class Heapsort {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//test array
		Integer[] arr = {1, 4, 3, 2, 64, 3, 2, 4, 5, 5, 2, 12, 14, 5, 3, 0, -1};
		String[] strarr = {"hope you find this helpful!", "wef", "rg", "q2rq2r", "avs", "erhijer0g", "ewofij", "gwe", "q", "random"};
		arr = heapsort(arr);
		strarr = heapsort(strarr);
		System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
		System.out.println(Arrays.toString(strarr));
	}
	
	//O(nlogn) TIME, O(1) SPACE, NOT STABLE
	public static > E[] heapsort(E[] arr){
		int heaplength = arr.length;
		for(int i = arr.length/2; i>0;i--){
			arr = maxheapify(arr, i, heaplength);
		}
		
		for(int i=arr.length-1;i>=0;i--){
			E max = arr[0];
			arr[0] = arr[i];
			arr[i] = max;
			heaplength--;
			arr = maxheapify(arr, 1, heaplength);
		}
		
		return arr;
	}
	
	//Creates maxheap from array
	public static > E[] maxheapify(E[] arr, Integer node, Integer heaplength){
		Integer left = node*2;
		Integer right = node*2+1;
		Integer largest = node;
		
		if(left.compareTo(heaplength) <=0 && arr[left-1].compareTo(arr[node-1]) >= 0){
			largest = left;
		}
		if(right.compareTo(heaplength) <= 0 && arr[right-1].compareTo(arr[largest-1]) >= 0){
			largest = right;
		}	
		if(largest != node){
			E temp = arr[node-1];
			arr[node-1] = arr[largest-1];
			arr[largest-1] = temp;
			maxheapify(arr, largest, heaplength);
		}
		return arr;
	}
}

#include 
using namespace std;
void heapify(int arr[], int n, int i) 
{ 
    int largest = i; 
    int l = 2*i + 1;  
    int r = 2*i + 2;
    if (l < n && arr[l] > arr[largest]) 
        largest = l;
    if (r < n && arr[r] > arr[largest]) 
        largest = r;
    if (largest != i) 
    { 
        swap(arr[i], arr[largest]); 
  
        
        heapify(arr, n, largest); 
    } 
} 
  
 
void heapSort(int arr[], int n) 
{ 
    
    for (int i = n / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--) 
        heapify(arr, n, i); 
  
    
    for (int i=n-1; i>=0; i--) 
    { 

        swap(arr[0], arr[i]); 
  
        
        heapify(arr, i, 0); 
    } 
} 
void printArray(int arr[], int n) 
{ 
    for (int i=0; i

void countsort(int arr[],int n,int place){

        int i,freq[range]={0};         //range for integers is 10 as digits range from 0-9
        int output[n];

        for(i=0;i=0;i--){
                output[freq[(arr[i]/place)%range]-1]=arr[i];
                freq[(arr[i]/place)%range]--;
        }
        
        for(i=0;i

#include 
#include 
using namespace std;

template
void print_array(T const(&arr)[n]) {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
        std::cout << arr[i] << ' ';
    cout << "\n";
}

int minIndex(int a[], int i, int j) {
    if (i == j)
        return i;
    int k = minIndex(a, i + 1, j);
    return (a[i] < a[k]) ? i : k;
}

void recurSelectionSort(int a[], int n, int index = 0) {
    if (index == n)
        return;
    int k = minIndex(a, index, n - 1);
    if (k != index)
        swap(a[k], a[index]);
    recurSelectionSort(a, n, index + 1);
}

void iterSelectionSort(int a[], int n) {
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        int min_index = i;
        int min_element = a[i];
        for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
        {
            if (a[j] < min_element)
            {
                min_element = a[j];
                min_index = j;
            }
        }
        swap(a[i], a[min_index]);
    }
}

int main() {
    int recurArr[6] = { 100,35, 500, 9, 67, 20 };
    int iterArr[5] = { 25, 0, 500, 56, 98 };

    cout << "Recursive Selection Sort"  << "\n";
    print_array(recurArr); // 100 35 500 9 67 20
    recurSelectionSort(recurArr, 6);
    print_array(recurArr); // 9 20 35 67 100 500

    cout << "Iterative Selection Sort" << "\n";
    print_array(iterArr); // 25 0 500 56 98
    iterSelectionSort(iterArr, 5);
    print_array(iterArr); // 0 25 56 98 500
}

function selection_sort(A) {
    var len = A.length;
    for (var i = 0; i < len - 1; i = i + 1) {
        var j_min = i;
        for (var j = i + 1; j < len; j = j + 1) {
            if (A[j] < A[j_min]) {
                j_min = j;
            } else {}
        }
        if (j_min !== i) {
            swap(A, i, j_min);
        } else {}
    }
}

function swap(A, x, y) {
    var temp = A[x];
    A[x] = A[y];
    A[y] = temp;
}

def seletion_sort(arr):
         if not arr:
         return arr
    for i in range(len(arr)):
         min_i = i
         for j in range(i + 1, len(arr)):
              if arr[j] < arr[min_i]:
                  min_i = j
         arr[i], arr[min_i] = arr[min_i], arr[i]

public void selectionsort(int array[])
{
    int n = array.length;            //method to find length of array 
    for (int i = 0; i < n-1; i++)
    {
        int index = i;
        int min = array[i];          // taking the min element as ith element of array
        for (int j = i+1; j < n; j++)
        {
            if (array[j] < array[index])
            {
                index = j;
                min = array[j];
            }
        }
        int t = array[index];         //Interchange the places of the elements
        array[index] = array[i];
        array[i] = t;
    }
}

function [sorted] = selectionSort(unsorted)
    len = length(unsorted);
    for i = 1:1:len
        minInd = i;
        for j = i+1:1:len
           if unsorted(j) < unsorted(minInd) 
               minInd = j;
           end
        end
        unsorted([i minInd]) = unsorted([minInd i]);    
    end
    sorted = unsorted;
end

let arr = [1, 4, 7, 45, 7,43, 44, 25, 6, 4, 6, 9],
    sorted = false;

while(!sorted) {
  sorted = true;
  for(var i=0; i < arr.length; i++) {
    if(arr[i] < arr[i-1]) {
      let temp = arr[i];
      arr[i] = arr[i-1];
      arr[i-1] = temp;
      sorted = false;
    }
  }
}

public class BubbleSort {
    static void sort(int[] arr) {
        int n = arr.length;
        int temp = 0;
         for(int i=0; i < n; i++){
                 for(int x=1; x < (n-i); x++){
                          if(arr[x-1] > arr[x]){
                                 temp = arr[x-1];
                                 arr[x-1] = arr[x];
                                 arr[x] = temp;
                         }

                 }
         }

    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {

		for(int i=0; i < 15; i++){
			int arr[i] = (int)(Math.random() * 100 + 1);
		}

                System.out.println("array before sorting\n");
                for(int i=0; i < arr.length; i++){
                        System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
                }
                bubbleSort(arr);
                System.out.println("\n array after sorting\n");
                for(int i=0; i < arr.length; i++){
                        System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
                }

        }
}

// Recursive Implementation
void bubblesort(int arr[], int n)
{
	if(n==1)	//Initial Case
		return;
	bool swap_flag = false;
	for(int i=0;iarr[i+1])
		{
			int temp=arr[i];
			arr[i]=arr[i+1];
			arr[i+1]=temp;
			swap_flag = true;
		}
	}
        // IF no two elements were swapped in the loop, then return, as array is sorted 
	if(swap_flag == false)
		return;
	bubblesort(arr,n-1);	//Recursion for remaining array
}

func bubbleSort(_ inputArray: [Int]) -> [Int] {
    guard inputArray.count > 1 else { return inputArray } // make sure our input array has more than 1 element
    var numbers = inputArray // function arguments are constant by default in Swift, so we make a copy
    for i in 0..<(numbers.count - 1) {
        for j in 0..<(numbers.count - i - 1) {
            if numbers[j] > numbers[j + 1] {
                numbers.swapAt(j, j + 1)
            }
        }
    }
    return numbers // return the sorted array
} 

def bubbleSort(arr): 
    n = len(arr) 
    for i in range(n):
        for j in range(0, n-i-1):
                if arr[j] > arr[j+1] : 
                        arr[j], arr[j+1] = arr[j+1], arr[j]
    print(arr)

function bubble_sort($arr) {
    $size = count($arr)-1;
    for ($i=0; $i<$size; $i++) {
        for ($j=0; $j<$size-$i; $j++) {
            $k = $j+1;
            if ($arr[$k] < $arr[$j]) {
                // Swap elements at indices: $j, $k
                list($arr[$j], $arr[$k]) = array($arr[$k], $arr[$j]);
            }
        }
    }
    return $arr;// return the sorted array
}

$arr = array(1,3,2,8,5,7,4,0);
print("Before sorting");
print_r($arr);

$arr = bubble_sort($arr);
print("After sorting by using bubble sort");
print_r($arr);

#include 

int BubbleSort(int array[], int n);

int main(void) {
  int arr[] = {10, 2, 3, 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 7, 6};
  BubbleSort(arr, 10);

  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    printf("%d", arr[i]);
  }
  return 0;
}
int BubbleSort(int array[], n)
{
for (int i = 0 ; i < n - 1; i++)
  {
    for (int j = 0 ; j < n - i - 1; j++)     //n is length of array
    {
      if (array[j] > array[j+1])      // For decreasing order use 
      {
        int swap   = array[j];
        array[j]   = array[j+1];
        array[j+1] = swap;
      }
    }
  }
}

const arr = [6, 2, 5, 3, 8, 7, 1, 4];

const quickSort = (arr, start, end) => {

  if(start < end) {

    // You can learn about how the pivot value is derived in the comments below
    let pivot = partition(arr, start, end);

    // Make sure to read the below comments to understand why pivot - 1 and pivot + 1 are used
    // These are the recursive calls to quickSort
    quickSort(arr, start, pivot - 1);
    quickSort(arr, pivot + 1, end);
  } 

}

const partition = (arr, start, end) => { 
  let pivot = end;
  // Set i to start - 1 so that it can access the first index in the event that the value at arr[0] is greater than arr[pivot]
  // Succeeding comments will expound upon the above comment
  let i = start - 1,
      j = start;

  // Increment j up to the index preceding the pivot
  while (j < pivot) {

    // If the value is greater than the pivot increment j
    if (arr[j] > arr[pivot]) {
      j++;
    }

    // When the value at arr[j] is less than the pivot:
    // increment i (arr[i] will be a value greater than arr[pivot]) and swap the value at arr[i] and arr[j]
    else {
      i++;
      swap(arr, j, i);
      j++;
    }

  }

  //The value at arr[i + 1] will be greater than the value of arr[pivot]
  swap(arr, i + 1, pivot);

  //You return i + 1, as the values to the left of it are less than arr[i+1], and values to the right are greater than arr[i + 1]
  // As such, when the recursive quicksorts are called, the new sub arrays will not include this the previously used pivot value
  return i + 1;
}

const swap = (arr, firstIndex, secondIndex) => {
  let temp = arr[firstIndex];
  arr[firstIndex] = arr[secondIndex];
  arr[secondIndex] = temp;
}

quickSort(arr, 0, arr.length - 1);
console.log(arr);

#include  
void swap(int* a, int* b) 
{ 
    int t = *a; 
    *a = *b; 
    *b = t; 
}
int partition (int arr[], int low, int high) 
{ 
    int pivot = arr[high];     
    int i = (low - 1);  
  
    for (int j = low; j <= high- 1; j++) 
    { 
        if (arr[j] <= pivot) 
        { 
            i++;    
            swap(&arr[i], &arr[j]); 
        } 
    } 
    swap(&arr[i + 1], &arr[high]); 
    return (i + 1); 
}
void quickSort(int arr[], int low, int high) 
{ 
    if (low < high) 
    {
        int pi = partition(arr, low, high); 
  
        quickSort(arr, low, pi - 1); 
        quickSort(arr, pi + 1, high); 
    } 
} 
  

void printArray(int arr[], int size) 
{ 
    int i; 
    for (i=0; i < size; i++) 
        printf("%d ", arr[i]); 
    printf("n"); 
} 
  

int main() 
{ 
    int arr[] = {10, 7, 8, 9, 1, 5}; 
    int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]); 
    quickSort(arr, 0, n-1); 
    printf("Sorted array: n"); 
    printArray(arr, n); 
    return 0; 
} 

import random

z=[random.randint(0,100) for i in range(0,20)]

def quicksort(z):
    if(len(z)>1):        
        piv=int(len(z)/2)
        val=z[piv]
        lft=[i for i in z if ival]

        res=quicksort(lft)+mid+quicksort(rgt)
        return res
    else:
        return z
        
ans1=quicksort(z)
print(ans1)

a = [9,4,7,3,8,5,1,6,2];

sorted = quicksort(a,1,length(a));

function [unsorted] =  quicksort(unsorted, low, high)
    if low < high
        [pInd, unsorted] = partition(unsorted, low, high);
        unsorted = quicksort(unsorted, low, pInd-1);
        unsorted = quicksort(unsorted, pInd+1, high);
    end

end

function [pInd, unsorted] = partition(unsorted, low, high)
    i = low-1;
    for j = low:1:high-1
        if unsorted(j) <= unsorted(high)
            i = i+1;
            unsorted([i,j]) = unsorted([j,i]);
            
        end
    end
    unsorted([i+1,high]) = unsorted([high,i+1]);
    pInd = i+1;

end

def binary_search(the_array, item, start, end):
    if start == end:
        if the_array[start] > item:
            return start
        else:
            return start + 1
    if start > end:
        return start

    mid = round((start + end)/ 2)

    if the_array[mid] < item:
        return binary_search(the_array, item, mid + 1, end)

    elif the_array[mid] > item:
        return binary_search(the_array, item, start, mid - 1)

    else:
        return mid

"""
Insertion sort that timsort uses if the array size is small or if
the size of the "run" is small
"""
def insertion_sort(the_array):
    l = len(the_array)
    for index in range(1, l):
        value = the_array[index]
        pos = binary_search(the_array, value, 0, index - 1)
        the_array = the_array[:pos] + [value] + the_array[pos:index] + the_array[index+1:]
    return the_array

def merge(left, right):
    """Takes two sorted lists and returns a single sorted list by comparing the
    elements one at a time.
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
    """
    if not left:
        return right
    if not right:
        return left
    if left[0] < right[0]:
        return [left[0]] + merge(left[1:], right)
    return [right[0]] + merge(left, right[1:])

def timsort(the_array):
    runs, sorted_runs = [], []
    length = len(the_array)
    new_run = [the_array[0]]

    # for every i in the range of 1 to length of array
    for i in range(1, length):
        # if i is at the end of the list
        if i == length - 1:
            new_run.append(the_array[i])
            runs.append(new_run)
            break
        # if the i'th element of the array is less than the one before it
        if the_array[i] < the_array[i-1]:
            # if new_run is set to None (NULL)
            if not new_run:
                runs.append([the_array[i]])
                new_run.append(the_array[i])
            else:
                runs.append(new_run)
                new_run = []
        # else if its equal to or more than
        else:
            new_run.append(the_array[i])

    # for every item in runs, append it using insertion sort
    for item in runs:
        sorted_runs.append(insertion_sort(item))
    
    # for every run in sorted_runs, merge them
    sorted_array = []
    for run in sorted_runs:
        sorted_array = merge(sorted_array, run)

    print(sorted_array)

timsort([2, 3, 1, 5, 6, 7])

void merge(int array[], int left, int mid, int right)
{
    int i, j, k;

    // Size of left sublist
int size_left = mid - left + 1;

// Size of right sublist
int size_right =  right - mid;

/* create temp arrays */
int Left[size_left], Right[size_right];

/* Copy data to temp arrays L[] and R[] */
for(i = 0; i < size_left; i++)
{
    Left[i] = array[left+i];
}

for(j = 0; j < size_right; j++)
{
    Right[j] = array[mid+1+j];
}

// Merge the temp arrays back into arr[left..right]
i = 0; // Initial index of left subarray
j = 0; // Initial index of right subarray
k = left; // Initial index of merged subarray

while (i < size_left && j < size_right)
{
    if (Left[i] <= Right[j])
    {
        array[k] = Left[i];
        i++;
    }
    else
    {
        array[k] = Right[j];
        j++;
    }
    k++;
}

// Copy the remaining elements of Left[]
while (i < size_left)
{
    array[k] = Left[i];
    i++;
    k++;
}

// Copy the rest elements of R[]
while (j < size_right)
{
    array[k] = Right[j];
    j++;
    k++;
}
}

void mergeSort(int array[], int left, int right)
{
    if(left < right)
    {
        int mid = (left+right)/2;

        // Sort first and second halves
    mergeSort(array, left, mid);
    mergeSort(array, mid+1, right);

    // Finally merge them
    merge(array, left, mid, right);
}
}

function mergeSort (arr) {
  if (arr.length < 2) return arr;
  var mid = Math.floor(arr.length /2);
  var subLeft = mergeSort(arr.slice(0,mid));
  var subRight = mergeSort(arr.slice(mid));
  return merge(subLeft, subRight);
}

function merge (a,b) {
    var result = [];
    while (a.length >0 && b.length >0)
        result.push(a[0] < b[0]? a.shift() : b.shift());
    return result.concat(a.length? a : b);
}

var test = [5,6,7,3,1,3,15];
console.log(mergeSort(test));

>> [1, 3, 3, 5, 6, 7, 15]

const list = [23, 4, 42, 15, 16, 8, 3]

const mergeSort = (list) =>{
  if(list.length <= 1) return list;
  const middle = list.length / 2 ;
  const left = list.slice(0, middle);
  const right = list.slice(middle, list.length);
  return merge(mergeSort(left), mergeSort(right));
}

const merge = (left, right) => {
  var result = [];
  while(left.length || right.length) {
    if(left.length && right.length) {
      if(left[0] < right[0]) {
        result.push(left.shift())
      } else {
        result.push(right.shift())
      }
    } else if(left.length) {
        result.push(left.shift())
      } else {
        result.push(right.shift())
      }
    }
  return result;
}

console.log(mergeSort(list)) // [ 3, 4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42 ]

#include 
#include
void merge(int arr[], int l, int m, int r) 
{ 
    int i, j, k; 
    int n1 = m - l + 1; 
    int n2 =  r - m; 
  
    
    int L[n1], R[n2]; 
  
    for (i = 0; i < n1; i++) 
        L[i] = arr[l + i]; 
    for (j = 0; j < n2; j++) 
        R[j] = arr[m + 1+ j];
    i = 0; 
    j = 0; 
    k = l; 
    while (i < n1 && j < n2) 
    { 
        if (L[i] <= R[j]) 
        { 
            arr[k] = L[i]; 
            i++; 
        } 
        else
        { 
            arr[k] = R[j]; 
            j++; 
        } 
        k++; 
    } 
  
    
    while (i < n1) 
    { 
        arr[k] = L[i]; 
        i++; 
        k++; 
    } 
  
    while (j < n2) 
    { 
        arr[k] = R[j]; 
        j++; 
        k++; 
    } 
} 
  
void mergeSort(int arr[], int l, int r) 
{ 
    if (l < r) 
    {  
        int m = l+(r-l)/2; 
  
        
        mergeSort(arr, l, m); 
        mergeSort(arr, m+1, r); 
  
        merge(arr, l, m, r); 
    } 
}
void printArray(int A[], int size) 
{ 
    int i; 
    for (i=0; i < size; i++) 
        printf("%d ", A[i]); 
    printf("\n"); 
} 
int main() 
{ 
    int arr[] = {12, 11, 13, 5, 6, 7}; 
    int arr_size = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]); 
  
    printf("Given array is \n"); 
    printArray(arr, arr_size); 
  
    mergeSort(arr, 0, arr_size - 1); 
  
    printf("\nSorted array is \n"); 
    printArray(arr, arr_size); 
    return 0; 

void mergesort(int A[],int size_a,int B[],int size_b,int C[])
{
     int token_a,token_b,token_c;
     for(token_a=0, token_b=0, token_c=0; token_a

def merge(left,right,compare):
	result = [] 
	i,j = 0,0
	while (i < len(left) and j < len(right)):
		if compare(left[i],right[j]):
			result.append(left[i])
			i += 1
		else:
			result.append(right[j])
			j += 1
	while (i < len(left)):
		result.append(left[i])
		i += 1
	while (j < len(right)):
		result.append(right[j])
		j += 1
	return result

def merge_sort(arr, compare = lambda x, y: x < y):
     #Used lambda function to sort array in both(increasing and decresing) order.
     #By default it sorts array in increasing order
	if len(arr) < 2:
		return arr[:]
	else:
		middle = len(arr) // 2
		left = merge_sort(arr[:middle], compare)
		right = merge_sort(arr[middle:], compare)
		return merge(left, right, compare) 

arr = [2,1,4,5,3]
print(merge_sort(arr))

public class mergesort {

	public static int[] mergesort(int[] arr,int lo,int hi) {
		
		if(lo==hi) {
			int[] ba=new int[1];
			ba[0]=arr[lo];
			return ba;
		}
		
		int mid=(lo+hi)/2;
		int arr1[]=mergesort(arr,lo,mid);
		int arr2[]=mergesort(arr,mid+1,hi);
		return merge(arr1,arr2);
	}
	
	public static int[] merge(int[] arr1,int[] arr2) {
		int i=0,j=0,k=0;
		int n=arr1.length;
		int m=arr2.length;
		int[] arr3=new int[m+n];
		while(i

public class mergesort {
  public static int[] mergesort(int[] arr, int lo, int hi) {
    if (lo == hi) {
      int[] ba = new int[1];
      ba[0] = arr[lo];
      return ba;
    }
    int mid = (lo + hi) / 2;
    int arr1[] = mergesort(arr, lo, mid);
    int arr2[] = mergesort(arr, mid + 1, hi);
    return merge(arr1, arr2);
  }

  public static int[] merge(int[] arr1, int[] arr2) {
    int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0;
    int n = arr1.length;
    int m = arr2.length;
    int[] arr3 = new int[m + n];
    while (i < n && j < m) {
      if (arr1[i] < arr2[j]) {
        arr3[k] = arr1[i];
        i++;
      } else {
        arr3[k] = arr2[j];
        j++;
      }
      k++;
    }
    while (i < n) {
      arr3[k] = arr1[i];
      i++;
      k++;
    }
    while (j < m) {
      arr3[k] = arr2[j];
      j++;
      k++;
    }
    return arr3;
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int arr[] = {2, 9, 8, 3, 6, 4, 10, 7};
    int[] so = mergesort(arr, 0, arr.length - 1);
    for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
      System.out.print(so[i] + " ");
  }
}